Age-Related Signs of Autism

First giggles, first words, and first steps are exciting milestones for parents and baby. But what if your baby doesn't seem to be reaching them? Are these possible warning signs of autism?

自闭症和错过里程碑

Autism是一种发育障碍，通常在3岁之前出现，可以在18个月大的儿童中诊断出来。自闭症的迹象集中在关键问题领域，包括延迟或困难的沟通，与他人互动以及某些行为问题。

Parents and caregivers are most likely to spot the warning自闭症的症状通过仔细跟踪发展和里程碑，在婴儿中。当然，没有孩子完全同时达到每个发展里程碑。但是，如果您注意到与自闭症其他迹象一致的延迟，则应筛选您的孩子。

Here are some developmental milestones, broken down by age, that if missed could signal a concern about autism:

到3至4个月大约到4个月，孩子应该能够微笑，开始玩耍，开始用婴儿ba虫说话，并能够关注有趣的动作和物体。此阶段的自闭症的警告信号包括：

• No interest in hands or feet — a lack of self-awareness
• No smiling
• 没有胡言乱语或试图模仿你发出的声音
• 没有抓住或抓紧的物体，头部支撑不良以及难以关注或专注于物体
• 没有试图将物体放在嘴里
• 某些技能的回归

By about 7 months,一个孩子应该对他周围的世界非常好奇，他的手和嘴可以检查一切。他应该嬉戏，笑着，对你的情绪做出反应。在此阶段，您的宝宝甚至应该开始进行口头交流，包括认识他的名字和“不”一词。此阶段的自闭症的警告信号包括：

• Movements that seem too rigid or too loose
• Not wanting to show physical affection (for example, if you have difficulty getting the baby to cuddle)
• No response to emotions, physical contact, or sounds
• Difficulty soothing your baby
• Physical delays like the inability to roll over, hold up the head, or sit with help from an adult
• 没有参与简单游戏
• No babbling
• 某些技能的回归

By about 12 months old,孩子应该开始变得更加情绪化 - 当您离开时哭泣，对他不认识的人有些不舒服。他应该更加意识到您的存在（以及缺乏它），玩游戏，并使用言语和其他沟通方式。此阶段的自闭症的警告信号包括：

• 身体上的延误，例如不竭力站起来，没有爬行或爬行身体的一侧
• Not pointing to things, like a food or a toy he wants
• 缺乏身体上的交流或手势，包括挥舞
• Lack of participation in games like hiding toys; for instance, he doesn't try to look for something you hid
• Can't say individual words like "dada," "mama," or "cookie"
• 某些技能的回归

到一个孩子大约2岁的时候he should start enjoying the company of and interaction with other kids. Slowly, a toddler will become more independent and maybe a bit feistier as well. Skills like improved verbal communication, recognizing colors and shapes, and being able to play pretend should begin developing. Warning signs of autism at this stage include:

• 不用短语说话（一次至少两个单词）
• 知道少于15个字
• Inability to follow basic directions
• Not imitating others' activities or words
• 不知道该如何处理牙刷，梳子，餐具或玩具手机（不能玩或使用它们）
• 身体延误，例如不走18个月大，或者只在脚尖上行走
• 某些技能的回归

By 3 years old,孩子应该能够与其他孩子适当互动并享受它。他应该理解公平性和适当社会行为的基本概念，例如了解游戏的工作方式，轮流和认识他人的财产。现在，孩子当然应该是一个独立的人，经历了许多不同的情绪。他应该开始掌握数字和某些对象，并能够“假装”并玩耍。此阶段的自闭症的警告信号包括：

• Avoiding eye contact with others
• 对“虚假”或假装玩耍没有兴趣
• 不想玩玩具甚至其他孩子
• 即使在简短的短语中也不会说话
• 频繁流口水的语音含糊或难以理解
• Difficulty copying objects; for instance, being unable to draw a shape like a circle
• Can't work simple toys or objects
• 与父母或照料者分离的严重问题
• 某些技能的回归

自闭症：随着孩子的年龄增长

The warning signs of autism can be pretty clear by about the age of 3, but you can still see signs as your child gets older. By the time he is 4 or 5, for instance, you should be concerned if he is extremely shy or withdrawn, or veryaggressive. Not wanting to play with others and not having creative play alone are other warning signs. Speech is always a good indicator; by age 4 or 5, your child should be able to communicate effectively and use the appropriate person (saying "I" to refer to himself) and verb tense.

里程碑只是准则；不要担心您的孩子是否有几个星期或几个月的发展。您的孩子是一个独特的人，这就是您对他的爱！但是，如果您注意到延迟的持续模式，并且您的孩子在他的年龄段中大大落后于其他人，那么最好是从医生那里进行评估的好主意。