您应该了解有关病毒性脑膜炎的知识：原因，治疗和预防

Viral脑膜炎is the most common form of meningitis. It’s typically mild and goes away without treatment.

病毒脑膜炎是病毒传播的脑膜炎症，脑膜是脑和脊髓周围的保护膜。

It's far less severe than细菌性脑膜炎, and generally only produces mild symptoms, such as headache, nausea, bright-light sensitivity, and lethargy.

大多数病毒性脑膜炎病例是由于非polio造成的enteroviruses指出疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）。（（1)

The疱疹单纯形病毒是发达国家青少年和成年人中病毒性脑膜炎的第二大最常见原因。（（2)

据估计，每100,000名成年人的年发病率为7.6。（（3)

What Causes Viral Meningitis?

There are a number of viruses that can cause meningitis. They include:

• 肠病毒
• Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2
• Varicella zoster virus, which causes chickenpox andshingles
• Epstein-Barr virus
• 艾滋病病毒
• vwinchina德赢
• Mumps
• 麻疹
• 巨细胞病毒脑膜炎（CMV脑膜炎）

疾病预防控制中心称，只有少数感染肠病毒的人会患脑膜炎。（1）

5岁以下的儿童，免疫系统疲软的患者（来自疾病，药物或最近的手术或移植）最有可能从肠病毒中患脑膜炎。

1个月大的婴儿和免疫系统弱的人最有可能患有严重症状。（1）

People who aren't up to date on their vaccinations may get meningitis from the flu, mumps, or measles.

What Are Other Causes of Viral Meningitis?

Certain insects can also transmit viruses that cause meningitis, such as:

• West Nile virus from mosquitos in certain parts of the Americas, Africa, West Asia, Australia, and mainland Europe
• 北美蚊子的圣路易斯脑炎病毒
• 来自欧洲大陆和亚洲壁虱的脑炎病毒

Those who have contact with feces or urine from house mice may get meningitis from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus. Hamsters and other pet rodents may also carry LCM if they have come into contact with mice. (4)

病毒性脑膜炎会传染吗？

Yes, but it’s unlikely to spread. While the viruses that cause the disease are generally easily passed between people, viral meningitis itself is not very easily passed between people. When it is, it happens mostly between people who are in regular, close contact. (1,5)

肠病毒存在于粪便中，粘液, and saliva of infected people, and are transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or surface.

在温带气候中，这些病毒在夏季和秋季大部分传播，热带和亚热带气候的感染率均高。（2）

单纯疱疹病毒可以通过在暴发期间与皮肤感染区域接触（病毒活跃时）传递给其他人。

Other meningitis-causing viruses are spread in different ways.

For instance, mumps, measles, and influenza are easily spread between the unvaccinated through coughing and sneezing, while HIV is spread through unprotected sex and sharing drug needles (since the virus is present in blood, breast milk, and seminal, vaginal, and rectal fluids).

How Long Does Viral Meningitis Last?

大多数情况在7到10天内独自消失。（1）有时恢复可能需要几个月的时间；如果脑膜炎是由西尼罗河病毒或淋巴细胞绒毛膜炎病毒引起的，则很可能。（（6)

病毒性脑膜炎致命吗？

可以，但是根据国家脑膜炎协会的说法，它不像细菌性脑膜炎那样致命或无能为力。（（7)

It can be deadly in newborns and those with weakened immune systems.

Can You Get Viral Meningitis More Than Once?

Yes. But it is very rare for a person to have two or more episodes of meningitis, because most people develop immunity to the virus that caused their disease.

复发性病毒性脑膜炎最常由单纯疱疹引起，有时是单纯疱疹1。This type of the disease is called Mollaret meningitis. In order to be diagnosed as having Mollaret meningitis, an individual will have to experience at least three episodes of an illness consisting of a stiff neck, headache, fever, and other脑膜炎symptoms。（（8)

这些疾病持续了大约两到五天，然后独自消退。

病毒性脑膜炎如何治疗？

如果一个人急性病，则在等待测试结果的同时将服用抗生素，以确认疾病是否是细菌性脑膜炎，需要立即治疗。

也可以给予患者抗病毒药Acyclovir如果高度怀疑脑膜炎是由疱疹病毒引起的。

一旦测试结果揭示了脑膜炎是病毒还是细菌，则将根据需要调整药物方案。

如何预防病毒性脑膜炎？

Vaccines可以预防某些类型的病毒性脑膜炎，尽管这不包括由肠病毒引起的脑膜炎。

在这种情况下，避免与那些患有肠病毒的人密切接触并用未洗手触摸您的脸，可以帮助您最大程度地减少机会。

如果您已经被感染了，则可以通过经常防止病毒传播洗手，消毒表面，远离人，咳嗽和打喷嚏成布或纸巾（不是您的手）。

留在暮色，使用喷雾和穿长袖和长裤，将有助于减少接触蚊子叮咬, which lead to West Nile and other mosquito-borne viruses.

卡琳·鲍尔（Carlene Bauer）的其他报告。