镰状细胞贫血治疗

镰状细胞贫血需要持续的终身治疗，以改善生活质量并防止并发症。

Treatment ofsickle cell anemia包括采取措施治疗anemia，防止镰状细胞危机和其他并发症，并治疗发生的任何危机或并发症。

Preventive Care for Children

患有镰状细胞贫血的儿童感染高风险，因此，他们的常规护理旨在防止以下各种感染：

• 每日青霉素
• Folic acidsupplements to boost red blood cell production
• All routine vaccinations, including an annualflu shot
• Thepneumococcal vaccine, which protects against infection with pneumococcal bacteria

Hydroxyurea

毒品羟基脲is approved for use in adults with sickle cell anemia, and is sometimes used in children too.

羟基脲会导致人体产生胎儿血红蛋白，胎儿血红蛋白是一种通常仅在出生之前和出生后不久才能产生的血红蛋白。

The presence of fetal hemoglobin lengthens the life span of red blood cells and makes them less likely to sickle.

羟基脲需要几个月的时间才能开始获得任何好处。

People taking hydroxyurea should have their blood checked monthly to assess the effect of the drug and to help determine the correct dose.

羟基脲可能的短期副作用包括gastrointestinal抱怨，很少会使皮肤和指甲变黑。

Little is known about the long-term side effects of hydroxyurea.

Help for Pain

When treating pain associated with sickle cell anemia at home, the following can help:

• Pain relievers such asacetaminophen要么ibuprofen
• Drinking fluids
• Using heating pads
• 休息

In a hospital, sickle cell crises are generally treated with:

• Fluids, given by mouth or intravenously
• 止痛药，包括在家中使用的止痛药，或者用于严重疼痛，opioids
• Oxygen therapy if oxygen levels are low
• 休息

输血

输血may be needed in some situations, such as:

• A sudden worsening of anemia due to an infection
• A condition known as splenic sequestration, in which large amounts of blood pool in the spleen
• Other acute镰状细胞贫血的并发症

有些人只需要偶尔输血，而另一些人则需要定期输血。

输血have their own complications, including transfusion-induced iron overload.

Because the body does not have a way to get rid of iron received from blood transfusions, excess iron can build up in and damage vital organs.

Iron overload is prevented with a class of medications called iron chelators, drugs that attach to iron in the body so that it can be excreted in feces.

干细胞移植

Blood and bone marrow stem cell transplants may be used to treat sickle cell anemia and may offer a cure for a small number of people.

They are performed mainly in children with sickle cell anemia, although early studies suggest they may be feasible in adults as well.

Stem cells are found in bone marrow and, in smaller quantities, in blood and in the umbilical cord.

干细胞可以发展为红细胞，白细胞和血小板。

用于移植的干细胞必须来自密切匹配的供体 - 通常是没有镰状细胞贫血的家庭成员。

生活方式措施

Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with sickle cell anemia can help with symptoms and includes:

• 饮食正确
• Exercising — but talk to your doctor about an appropriate amount
• Staying hydrated
• Getting enough sleep
• 不吸烟
• Talking to your doctor about how much alcohol, if any, is safe to drink

People with sickle cell anemia can also help to prevent sickle cell crises by following these precautions:

• 不要服用倾向于收紧血管的充血药。
• Avoid very hot or cold temperatures, both of which can trigger a crisis.
• Be cautious at high altitudes — you may need extra oxygen.
• Avoid choosing a job that requires a lot of physical labor, exposes you to extreme temperatures, or involves long work hours.
• Don't travel in unpressurized airplanes (speak to your doctor if you must fly in such a plane).